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1 μάρτυς

μάρτυς

Grammatical information: m. f.

Meaning: `witness' (Il.; on the spread etc. E. Kretschmer Glotta 18, 92 f., on the use in Homer Nenci Par. del Pass. 13, 221ff.) `martyr, (blood-witness)' (christ. lit.; s. Bauer Gr.-dt. Wb. s.v.).

Other forms: Aeol. (Hdn. Gr.) a. Dor. μάρτυρ, Cret. Epid. μαῖτυς (- ρς), - ρος, acc. also μάρτυν (Simon.), dat. pl. μάρτυσι (- ρσι Hippon.?); ep., also NWGr. μάρτυρος.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. μαρτυρο-ποιέομαι `call as witness' (inscr., pap.), ψευδό-μαρτυς `false witness' (Pl.; Risch IF 59, 257 f.), ἐπί-μαρτυς `witness' (Ar., Call., A. R.), prob. backformation from ἐπι-μαρτύρομαι, - ρέω; on supposed ἐπιμάρτυρος (for ἔπι μάρτυρος) see Leumann Hom. Wörter 71.

Derivatives: μαρτυρία (λ 325; cf. below on μαρτυρέω), μαρτύριον (IA) `testimony, evidence'. Denominatives: 1. μαρτύρομαι, also wiht prefix, e.g. δια-, ἐπι-, `call as witness' (IA); 2. μαρτυρέω, often w. prefix, e.g. ἀντι-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, δια-, κατα-, συν-, `testify, bear witness' (Alc., Pi., IA) with μαρτύρημα (E.), ( ἀντι-, κατα-)-μαρτύρησις (Epicur., pap.) `testimony', also ( δια-, ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συμ-) μαρτυρία `id.' (cf. above and Scheller Oxytonierung 34f. w. n. 4).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: The basis may be a verbal noun *μάρ-τυ- `testimony', seen in μάρ-τυς, - τυν, - τυσι; cf. below. The change from abstract `testimony' to appellative `witness' is attested more often, e.g. Fr. témoin \< Lat. testimonium, Engl. witness orig. `testimony', then `witness'. The suffix ρο- gave the personal, prob. orig. adjectival μάρτυ-ρος. A compromise with μάρτυς gave perhaps the consonantstem μάρτυρ-; note esp. the gen. pl. μαρτύρων ( ἐναντίον μαρτύρων etc.), which can be both from the o-stem and from the consonantstem; further see Egli Heteroklisie 117ff. Dissimilation occurred in μαῖτυ(ρ)ς (\< *μάρτυρ-ς); μάρτυσι and μάρτυς can be explained in the same way (Schwyzer 260); cf. above. - As zero grade τυ-derivation μάρτυς may belong to a verb for `remember', which may be found in Skt. smárati and which may have other derivatives in Greek, e.g. μέριμνα (s. v.); proper meaning *'remembrance'. -- Not with Thieme Studien 55 (with criticism of the traditional interpretation): from *mr̥t-tur prop. `seizing death' (?), cf. Leumann Gnomon 25, 191. - But this cannot explain the vocalism, so rather a loand from Pre-Greek (Fur. 296). The speculations above, which start from an IE origin, must be rejected.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μάρτυς
2 μέριμνα

μέριμνα

Grammatical information: f.

Meaning: `care, anxiety' (h. Merc., Hes., Sapph., Emp., Pi., trag., Ar.; orig. Ionic?, Solmsen [s.below], v. Wilamowitz BerlAkSb. 1909, 810A. 1, Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 36);

Compounds: Compp., e.g. ἀ-μέριμνος `without care' (S., hell.) with ἀμεριμν-ία `carelessness' (Plu.) etc.

Derivatives: μεριμνάω, - ῆσαι `care for, care, be mindful' (S., Ar., X., D.) with μεριμν-ήματα, Dor. - άματα pl. `cares' (Pi., S.), - ητής m. `caring for sth.' (E.), - ητικός (Artem., sch.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)

Etymology: The generally proposed and on itself obvious idea that μέριμνα is a backformation from μεριμνάω (cf. ἐρευνάω: ἔρευνα etc., see Solmsen Wortforsch. 39 f., 258), is confimed neither by the dates nor the spread of the attestations. Formally closest is μέδιμνος (s. v.); as basis seems to have served a noun *μερ-ί-μων or *μέρ-ι-μα; on the unclear phonology see Schwyzer 352 a. 283. Wrong analysis by Winter Lang. 26, 533. The primary verb to be supposed exists in Skt. smárati, Av. maraiti, paiti-šmaraiti, hi-šmar- `remember, remind'. -- Cognate formations perh. in μέρμερος, μέρμηρα, - ίζω; s. vv., with also further connections. Fur. 246 assumes Pre-Greek origin because of the suffix (- ιμν-).

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέριμνα
3 μισέω

μισέω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `hate, loathe' (Pi., IA.);

Other forms: aor. μισῆσαι (P 272), pass. μισηθῆναι (Hdt.), fut. pass. μισήσομαι (E.), - ηθήσομαι (LXX), perf. μεμίση-κα, - μαι (Att.).

Compounds: Also w. prefix, e.g. δια-. ἀπο-. Very often as 1. member (oppos. φιλο-), e.g. μισό-θεος `who hates the gods' (A., Luc.), cf. Schwyzer 442.

Derivatives: μίσημα n. `what is hated' (trag.), μίσηθρον (- τρον) `charm for producing hatred' (Luc., pap.; after στέργηθρον, Benveniste Origines 203), μισητός `hated, hateful' (A., X.), - ητικός `prone to hatred' (Arr.), μισήτιζε μίσει, στύγει H. Beside it with paroxytonon (after Ammon. 94) and with unclear change of meaning μισήτη f. `lascivious wench, whore' (Archil. [?], Cratin., μισητός... ἄπληστος H.) with μισητία `lasciviousness, unsatibale desire' (Ar., Procop.). -- μῖσος n. `hatred, enmity, grudge, object of hatred' (trag., Att.).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin](X)

Etymology: The date and the spread of attestations are not in favour of the usual assumption that μισέω is a denominative of μῖσος. Also the Hom. aor. μίσησεν for *μίσε(σ)σεν (analog. after φίλησεν?) tells against it. A convincing etymology has not been found; the connections with Lat. miser and mittō (s. Bq and W.-Hofmann s.v.) are not satisfactory, as is a basis *μίνθι̯ος to μίνθος (Pisani Rend. Acc. Linc. 6: 5, 218). Fur. 254 who objects to a suffix - σος, assumes a Pre-Greek word with assibilated dental.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μισέω
4 οἴφω

οἴφω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `futuo' (Thera, Gort., Plu. Pyrrh. 28). On the spread and stilistic character of οἴφω Wackernagel Unt. 228.

Other forms: uncertain - έω (Mimn.; Schwyzer 721).

Compounds: As 2. member in φιλ-οίφ-ᾱς m. (Theoc. 4, 62; on -ᾱς Schwyzer 451), Κόρ-οιφος Att. PN, also Κόρ-οιβος (Phryg. form?, Kretschmer Glotta 14, 199).

Derivatives: οἰφ-όλης m. `fututor' (Naxos, H.), - όλις f. (H.); on the formation Schwyzer 484 w. n. 4, Chantraine Form. 238.

Origin: XX [etym. unknown]

Etymology: From οἴφω the synonymous Skt. yábhati, Slav., e.g. OCS jebǫ, Russ. jeb-ú, -átь can hardly be separated. For the phonetic deviation (IE * oibh-: *i̯ebh- or *i̯obh-) one could best blame the obscene meaning (Pisani Mél. Pedersen 242 n. 1); after Specht KZ 59, 121 n. 2, however, IE inversion of the anlaut; diff., not to be preferred, Brugmann IF 29, 238 n. 1 a. 32, 319ff. (agreeing Schwyzer 722 n. 1): zero grade w. prefix o-ibh-; still diff. Hirt (s. Brugmann l. c.): disyllabic oi̯ebh-. -- An unaspirated Illyrian form is supposed by v. Blumenthal Hesychst. 8 f. in Οἴβαλος, name of a Laconian Heros; agreeing Krahe Die Spr. d. Illyrier 46. From there after v. B. ὠβάλλετο διωθεῖτο H. (?); further quite doubtful combinationa ibd. -- WP. 1, 198, Pok. 298. - One has tried to connect Ζέφυρος, s.v.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > οἴφω
5 πληθύνω

πληθύνω (cp. πλῆθος) fut. πληθυνῶ; 1 aor. opt. 3 sg. πληθύναι (Gen 28:3; 2 Cor 9:10 t.r.). Pass.: impf. ἐπληθυνόμην; fut. 3 sg. πληθυνθήσεται, 3 pl. πληθυνθήσονται LXX; 1 aor. ἐπληθύνθην; pf. 3 sg. πεπλήθυνται, ptc. πεπληθυμμένος LXX (Aeschyl.+; LXX; pseudepigr.; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 139 al.; Ath. 6, 4).

① to cause to become greater in number trans.

ⓐ increase, multiply act. (En 16:3; TestJos 11:7; JosAs 21 p. 71, 21 Bat.), in our lit. always of God: τὶ someth. τὸν σπόρον ὑμῶν 2 Cor 9:10. ἔθνη 1 Cl 59:3. Of God’s promise to Abraham πληθύνων πληθυνῶ σε I will surely multiply you Hb 6:14 (Gen 22:17). κύριος ἐπλήθυνεν αὐτοὺς ἐν τοῖς κόποις τῶν χειρῶν αὐτῶν the Lord has given them abundance in the works of their hands Hs 9, 24, 3. ὁ θεὸς κτίσας τὰ ὄντα καὶ πληθύνας καὶ αὐξήσας v 1, 1, 6.

ⓑ be multiplied, grow, increase pass. (En 5:5, 9) in number ἐπληθύνετο ὁ ἀριθμὸς τῶν μαθητῶν Ac 6:7. ηὔξησεν ὁ λαὸς καὶ ἐπληθύνθη 7:17 (cp. Ex 1:7).—9:31; D 16:3. αὐξάνεσθε καὶ πληθύνεσθε (Gen 1:28; cp. SibOr 1, 57; Herm. Wr. 3, 3 εἰς τὸ αὐξάνεσθαι ἐν αὐξήσει καὶ πληθύνεσθαι ἐν πλήθει) 1 Cl 33:6; B 6:12; cp. vs. 18.—Of the growth of Christian preaching, expressed in the number of converts ὁ λόγος τοῦ κυρίου ηὔξανεν καὶ ἐπληθύνετο Ac 12:24. Of the spread of godlessness τὸ πληθυνθῆναι τὴν ἀνομίαν Mt 24:12. As a formula in devout wishes (cp. Da 4:1 Theod., 37c LXX; 6:26 Theod.) χάρις ὑμῖν καὶ εἰρήνη πληθυνθείη may grace and peace be yours in ever greater measure 1 Pt 1:2; 2 Pt 1:2. Cp. Jd 2; 1 Cl ins; Pol ins; MPol ins. Cp. also Dg 11:5.

② to increase greatly in number, grow, increase intr. (Herodian 3, 8, 8; TestIss 1:11; AscIs 2:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 338; Ex 1:20; Sir 16:2; 23:3; 1 Macc 1:9. Cp. Anz 296f; Thackeray 282) πληθυνόντων τ. μαθητῶν when the disciples were increasing (in number) Ac 6:1; 19:20 D.—DELG s.v. πίμπλημι. M-M. EDNT. TW.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > πληθύνω
6 μέλι

μέλι, - ιτος

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `honey' (Il.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. meri.

Compounds: Very often as 1. member, e.g. μελί-κρᾱ-τον, Ion. - κρη-τον "honey-mix", `sacrifice of milk and honey' (Od.), compound with κεράν-νυμι (s. v.); also μελιτο-, e.g. μελιτο-πώλης m. `honey-trader' (Ar.); as 2. member a. o. in οἰνό-μελι `drink from wine and honey' (Plb.; cf. Risch IF 59, 58); on ἀπό-μελι s. v.

Derivatives: A. Several adj.: μελιτόεις `honeysweet' (Pi.), f. μελιτόεσσα (sc. μᾶζα), Att. μελιτοῦττα `honey-cake' (Hdt., Ar.; Schwyzer 528, Chantraine Form. 272), μελιτ-ηρός `belonging to honey, honey-like' (Ar.. Thphr.), - ινος `made from h.' (pap.), - ώδης `honey-like' (Thphr.). Prob. also μελι-χρός `honey-sweet' (Alc., Anacr., Hp., Telecl., Theoc.), cf. πενι-χρός βδελυ-χ-ρός and Chantraine Form. 225 f., Hamm Grammatik 77 w. n. 118. Acc. to Sommer Nominalkomp. 26 n. 3 (where extensive treatment) however Aeol. for μελί-χρως `honey-coloured', after Schwyzer 450 for - χροος. -- B. Subst. μελίτ(ε)ιον n. `mead' (Plu.); μελιτόν κηρίον, η τὸ ἑφθὸν γλεῦκος H.; μελιτίτης ( λίθος) `topaz', ( οἶνος) `honey-wine' (Dsc.; Redard 57 a. 97); μελίτεια f. `Melissa officinalis' (Theoc.; Strömberg Pflanzennamen 119); μελιτισμός m. `treatment with h.' (medic.) as if from *μελιτίζειν. -- C. Verb. μελιτόομαι `mix with h., be sweetened with h.' (Th., Plu.) with μελίτωμα `honey-cake' (Com.), - ωσις `sweetening' ( Gloss.). -- On its own stands μέλισσα, - ττα f. `bee' (Il.), after Schwyzer Glotta 6, 84ff. (thus Fraenkel Glotta 32, 21) haplological for *μελί-λιχ-ι̯α "honey-leckering"; compare Skt. madhu-lih- m. "honey-lecker" = `bee'; acc. to others however from *μέλιτ-ι̯α, e.g. Lohmann Genus und Sexus (Erg. -h. 10 to KZ) 82 recalling Arm. meɫu `bee' from meɫr `honey' (thus Schwyzer 320). From it several compp. and derivv., e.g. μελισσουργός (- ττ-) `apiarist' (Pl., Arist.) with - έω, - ία, - εῖον, μελισσεύς `id.' (Arist., pap.; Boßhardt 61), also (with diff. origin) as PN (Boßhardt 123f.); μελίσσιον `bee-hive' (pap. III^a; Georgacas Glotta 36, 170), - ία `id.' (Gp.; Scheller Oxytonierung 45), - ών `id.' (LXX) etc. -- On βλίττω s. v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [723] *meli(t) `honey'

Etymology: Old inherited word for `honey', with Hitt. milit ( = melit) n. directly identical; further with thematic enlargment Goth. miliÞ and Alb. mjaltë (IE * meli-t-o-m). Also Celt., e.g. OIr. mil, and Lat. mel can go back on * meli-t; the -t was prob. originally only at home in the nom.-acc. (Unclear Lat. gen. mellis: from *mel-n-és?; cf. on μείλιχος). Arm. meɫr, gen. meɫu was supposedly after the synonymous *médhu (= μέθυ, s. v.) transferred to the u-stems. From unknown source stems μελίτιον πόμα τι Σκυθικὸν μέλιτος ἑψομένου σὺν ὕδατι καὶ πόᾳ τινί H. -- Details in WP. 2, 296, Pok. 723f., W.-Hofmann s. mel; cf. (on the spread) Porzig Gliederung 202 f.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > μέλι
7 ἀνδράποδον

ἀνδράποδον

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `prisoner of war sold as slave, slave' (Il.; on the spread of the word Kretschmer Glotta 18, 76).

Origin: GR [a formation built with Greek elements]

Etymology: The plural ἀνδράποδα (orig. cons.stem, cf. dat. pl. ἀνδραπόδεσσι Η 475) "man-footer", from which sing. ἀνδράποδον, was created after τετράποδα `quadruped' Wackernagel KZ 30, 298, Leumann Hom. Wörter 157f. On the - α- see Bader, Rev. phil. 43 (1969) 31.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἀνδράποδον
8 ἐπινομή

ἐπινομ-ή, ἡ, ([etym.] ἐπινέμομαι)

A a grazing over the boundaries: metaph., ἐ. πυρός the spread of fire, Plu.Alex.35; of poison, Ael.NA12.32.

2. right of pasturage, Schwyzer 197.33 (Itanos, iii B.C.).

3. grazing after mowing, POxy.730.11 (ii A.D.), al.

II. pl., final turns of a bandage, Heliod. ap. Orib.48.51.2 (pl.), Gal.18(2).563.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπινομή
9 ἐσσήν

ἐσσήν, - ῆνος

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: name of the priests of Artemis in Ephesos (inscr. IV-III^a, Paus.), also `prince, king' (Call.); acc. to Hdn. Gr. 2, 923, 8 = οἰκιστής, acc. to EM 383, 30 prop. `king-bee'. - On the spread etc. Erika Kretschmer Glotta 18, 88.

Derivatives: ἐσσηνία, ἐσσηνεύω (inscr. Ephesos).

Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]

Etymology: Formation in - ήν like βαλ(λ)ήν `king', κηφήν `drone' etc. (Schwyzer 487, Chantraine Formation 167f.). Prob. Anatolian with Solmsen Wortforsch. 138ff., whose hypothetical explanation from Phrygian (to Skt. sáhate `overcomes etc.') is quite weak. Pre-Greek acc. to Oikonomos Άρχ. Δελτ. 7, 258ff. (cf. Kretschmer Glotta 16, 194; Wahrmann ib. 19, 221); thus Schwyzer 316 and Chantraine l. c. - IE etymologies by Ehrlich KZ 42, 316 n. 1, Persson Beitr. 1, 358ff. (s. Bq s. v. with Add. et corr.), Pisani Stud. itfilclass. 12, 304ff. (against him Leumann Glotta 27, 73). Nouns in - ην Furnée 172 n. 118.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > ἐσσήν
10 στόρνυμι

στόρνυμι

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to stretch out, to spread out, to make one's bed, to even, to pave, to strew, to sprinkle' (ρ 32).

Other forms: στρώννυμι (A. Ag. 909 [ στορνύναι Elmsley], hell. a. late), στορέννυμι (late), everywhere also - ύω, aor. στορέσαι (Il.), στρῶσαι (IA.), pass. στορεσθῆναι (Hp. a.o.), στρωθῆναι (D.S. etc.), perf. pass. ἔστρωμαι (since Κ 155), ἐστόροται or - ηται (Aeol. gramm.), ἐστόρεσμαι (late), act. ἔστρωκα (hell. a. late), fut. στορῶ (Ar.), στρώσω (E. etc.), Dor. στορεσεῖν (Theoc.), στρωννύσω (Ps.-Luc.), pass. στρωθήσομαι (LXX), vbaladj. στρωτός (Hes.).

Compounds: Often w. prefix, e.g. ὑπο-, κατα-, ἐπι-.

Derivatives: l. στρῶμα ( κατά-, ὑπό- a.o.) n. `which is spread out, carpet, bedding, layer' (IA.) with - άτιον n. (hell. a. late - ατεύς m. 'bed-sack' (Thphr. a.o.), `variegated patchwork' (Gell.), name of a fish (Philo ap. Ath.; after the golden stripes; Bosshardt 62, Strömberg Fischn. 28), - ατίτης ἔρανος `picknick with one's own bedding' (Cratin.; Redard 115), - ατίζω `to provide with a carpet, to plaster' (hell. inscr., Poll., H.). 2. στρωμνή, Dor. -ά, Aeol. -ᾶ f. `carpet, mattress, bed' (Sapph., Pi., Att. etc.) with - άομαι in ἐστρωμνημένος (Phot.); cf. λίμνη, ποίμνη a.o. 3. στρῶσις ( ὑπό- a.o.) f. `the spreading, plastering' (hell. a. late). 4. στρωτήρ m. `cross-beam, roof-lath' (Ar. Fr. 72, hell. a. late) with - ήριον, - ηρίδιον `id.' (EM, H., Suid.); στρώτης m. `one that gets ready the beds and dinner couches' (middl. com., Plu.). 5. On itself stands στορεύς m. `the lower, flat part of a device for making fire' (H., sch.). = γαληνοποιός (H.); from *στόρος or -ά?; cf. Bosshardt 80. 6. With ο-vowel also στόρνη f. = ζώνη (Call., Lyc.), prob. to στόρνυμι; here Myc. api tonijo (Taillardat REGr. 73, 5ff.)?? Thus στορνυτέα καταστρωτέα, περιοικοδομητέα H.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1029] * sterh₃- `spread out'

Etymology: The original triad στόρ-νυμι: στορέ-σαι: στρω-τός, ἔ-στρω-μαι is partly leveled through innovations: στρώννυμι (after ζών-νυ-μι for ζωσ-), στρῶσαι after στρωτός, ἔστρωμαι; στορέννυμι after στορέσαι. As in κορέσαι, κορέννυμι, ὀλέσαι, ὄλλυμι a.o. the ο-vowel makes difficulties and has aroused a lively discussion (s. lit. s. vv.). With στόρνυμι (for *στάρνυμι?) agrees further formally Skt. str̥ṇóti `stretch down, throw down'; because of Germ., e.g. Goth. straujan, NHG streuen we can posit an IE * streu- with n-infix. Other nasal presents are Skt. str̥ṇā́ti `id.', Lat. sternō = OIr. sernim `spread out', Alb. shtrinj `id.' (IE *str̥ni̯ō). On semantic differentiation Narten Münch. Stud. 22, 57 ff., Sprache 14, 131 f. To the zero grade στρωτός answers Lat. strātus, Lith. stìrta f. `heap of hay, piled up heap, dry scaffolding' and Skt.stīrṇá- `spread out'. Disyllabic the full grade στορέ-σαι like Skt. a-starī-ṣ (2. sg.; midd. 3. sg. a-stari-ṣṭa, inf. stari-tavai; one expects * sterh₃- which would give στερο-, which has been metathesized to στορε-, but we don't know how or why; cf Schwyzer 752). Also στρῶμα has an exact counterpart, i.e. in Lat. strāmen, strāmentum `straw' (beside Skt. stárĩ-man- n. `expansion'; cf. Schwyzer 520 w. n. 5). Also agree στόρνη = ζώνη and Slav., e.g. Russ. storoná `region, side', both prob. as innovations. The isolated στορεύς (from *στόρος, -ά or innovation to στορ-έσαι, - νυμι?) represents also the same vowel grade as Russ. pro-tór m. `room, greatness' and Skt. pra-stará- m. `straw, cushion, flatness'. Further forms w. lit. in Bq, WP. 2, 638ff., Pok. 1029ff., W.-Hofmann s. sternō, Fraenkel s. stìrta, Vasmer s. prosterétь and storoná. On the stemformation esp. Strunk Nasalpräs. u. Aor. (1967) 113 f. Cf. still στέρνον and στρατός.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στόρνυμι
11 πετάννυμι

πετάννυμι, - ύω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to spread out, to unfold, to open' (Att.).

Other forms: πίτνημι, - άω (Il.; ἔπιτνον Hes. Sc. 291), πετ-άζω (LXX), - άω (Luc.), aor. πετά-σ(σ)αι. Pass. - σθῆναι, perf. midd. πέπταμαι (all Il.), πεπέτασμαι (Orac. ap. Hdt., D. S.), act. πεπέτακα (D. S.), fut. πετ-άσω (E. in lyr.), - άσσω (Nonn.), -ῶ (Men.).

Compounds: Often w. prefix, esp. ἐκ-, ἀνα-, κατα-.

Derivatives: 1. πέταλον n. `leaf' (Il.), `metal, resp. gold plating' (Att. inscr.); also - ηλα pl. (Hes. Sc.; metr. condit., Leumann Hom. Wörter 123 w. n. 91); πετάλ-ιον, - ια (on the accent etc. Scheller Oxytonierung 46f.), - ίς, - ειον, - ῖτις, - ώδης, - όω, - ωσις, - ίζω, - ισμός; hypostasis ἐμπεταλ-ίς ἔδεσμα διὰ τυροῦ σκευαζόμενον H. (: ἐν πετάλῳ). 2. πέτασος m. (f.) `broad-brimmed hat', also metaph. (hell.), with πετάσ-ιον, - ώδης, - ών, - ῖτις. 3. ( κατα-, παρα-, ὑπο- etc.) πέτασμα n. `blanket, curtain etc.' (IA.). 4. ἐκπέτασις f. `spreading out' (Plu.). 5. πετασμός m. `id.' (LXX). 6. πέταχνον (- ακνον H.) n. `open drinking bowl' (Alex.; like κυλίχνη a.o.; Chantraine Form. 195). 7. πέτηλος (- λός) `grown' ( μόσχος, βοῦς; Ath., H. [" ἀναπεπταμένα τὰ κέρατα ἔχων"]). 8. ἀναπετ-ής `spread out' with - εια f. `spreading out' (medic.). 9. ἐκπέτα-λος `open, flat' (Mosch., ἀγγεῖον). -- On themselves stand with unclear meaning development: πετήλας τοὺς μικροὺς καὶ θαμνώδεις φοίνικας; πετηλίς ἀκρίς H.; πετηλίας καρκίνος (Ael.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [824] * peth₂- `spread out'

Etymology: The pair πετά-σαι: πίτ-νη-μι agrees a.o. with κερά-σαι: κίρ-νη-μι, πελά-σασθαι: πίλ-να-μαι (s. vv.); to this πέ-πτᾰ-μαι (with short vowel from -h₂, Schwyzer 770 w. n. 6); after πετά-σαι the present πετά-ννυμι etc. (like κερά-σαι: κερά-ννυμι a.o.). -- Without direct agreement outside Greek but with several cognates. With redced a-vowel intr. Lat. pateō, - ēre `stand open', with patulus `spread out broadly'; perhaps also the nasal present pa-n-d-ō `spread out'. In other languages several verbal nouns, e.g. Av. paʮana- `wide, broad', Lith. petỹs m. `shoulder, arm-pit', Germ., e.g. OWNo. faðmr m. prop. *'extension (of the arms)', `embrace, bosom'. With l-suffix like πέτα-λον OHG fedel-gold n. `leaf-gold'. Further connections w. rich lit. in W.-Hofmann s. pateō and pandō, Fraenkel s. petỹs; also WP. 2, 18 u. Pok. 824. -- Prob. not here πατάνη. l

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > πετάννυμι
12 σπείρω

σπείρω

Grammatical information: v.

Meaning: `to sow, to seed', also (esp. w. prefix) `to spread, to scatter, to distribute'.

Other forms: Aor. σπεῖραι, fut. σπερῶ, aor. pass. σπαρ-ῆναι, fut. - ήσομαι, perf. midd. ἔσπαρμαι (IA), act. ἔσπαρκα (late.).

Dialectal forms: Myc. pemo, pema.

Compounds: often w. prefix, e.g. δια-, κατα-.

Derivatives: A. With full grade: 1. σπέρμα n. `seed, sowing, stem, sprout' ( ε 490); as 1. member also with transition in the o-stems, e.g. σπερμο-λόγος "picking up corn", `rook' (Ar., Arist. etc.; Schmid Phil. 95, 82), `chatterbox' (D. etc., MLat. spermologus; Silvestre Arch. Lat. Med. Aevi 30, 155 ff.). From it σπερ-μάτιον n. dimin. (Thphr. a. o.), - ματίας ( σικυός) m. `seed bearer' (Cratin.), - ματίτης, - ματῖτις `bearing, bringing forth seed' (late; Redard 102), - ματικός `to hold, to bring forth seed' (Arist. etc.), - ματώδης `seed-like' (late); - μαίνω `to sow, to bring forth' (Hes., Call., Plu. a. o.), - ματίζω `to sow, to bear seed', - ματίζομαι `to be sown, pregnant' with - ματισμός m. (LXX, Thphr.), - ματόομαι `to come to seed' (Thphr.) with - μάτωσις (Phan. Hist.). -- 2. σπέραδος n. = σπέρμα (Nic.; like χέραδος). -- B. With o-ablaut: 1. σπόρος m. `seed, sowing' (Att.) with - ιμος `fit for sowing', τὰ -α `sowing fields' (X.. Thphr., LXX a. o.; Arbenz 46 a. 48). 2. σπορά f. `sowing, seed, procreation, descent' (Trag., Pl., Thphr. a. o.) with - αῖος `sown' (Babr.); often to the prefixcompp., e.g. διασπορά f. `dispersal, exile' (LXX, Ph., Plu. a. o.). 3. From σπόρος or σπορά: ὁμό-σπορος `of the same seed, kindred' (poet. h. Cer.); σπορ-εύς ( κατα-. δια-) m. `sower, begetter' (X., pap. a.o.; Bosshardt 53). 4. σπορητός m. `sowing, seed' (A., X., Thphr.; after ἀλοητός, ἄμητος a. o.; not with Bosshardt l. c. from *σπορέω). 5. σποράς, - άδος `dispersed' (IA.), αἱ Σποράδες group of islands, with - άδην `dispersed' (Att. etc.), - αδικός `id.' (Arist.), - άσαι aor. `to disperse' (inscr.). 6. ἐπισπορ-ίη f. `after-seed, second seed' (Hes.; ἐπίσπορος A.), περισπόρ-ια n. pl. `suburbs' (LXX). -- C. With zero grade: 1. σπαρ-τός `sown' (A. a. o.); οἱ Σπαρτοί m.. pl. "the sown ones", of the dragonseed of Kadmos (Pi. a.o.); 2. σπαρνός (s. v.).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [993] * sper- `strew, sow, sprinkle'

Etymology: As agricultural term for sowing σπείρω belongs exclusively to Greek. In the west, including Balto-Slavic, appear for it representatives of sē-: sh₁- (Lat. sēmen etc.); s. Ernout-Meillet and W.-Hofmann s. 1. serō (cf. also above on ἵημι). Also in the supposedly older meaning `strew' the other languages provide nothing, that can be identified with σπείρω. Nearest cognate Armenian has in sp'iṙ `strews' with sp`r̄em `spread out' and in p`arat `spread out, separated' with p`aratem `spread out, remove' words which, not to speak of the "rolling" r̄ and the vowel (IE ē or i) in sp`iṙ, in anlaut (IE ( s)ph-?) differ from σπείρω. Arm. spar̄nam `threaten' (Meillet BSL 31, 52) differs semantically strongly. The last word leads to the s. σπαίρω adduced Skt. sphuráti, Lat. spernō etc. Thus we retain two IE groups sp(h)er- with the general meaning `strew, sprinkle, spatter' resp. `draw out, kick with the foot, sprawl, (Gm.) hurry', which, cannot well be distinguished and as popular-expressive expressions may have formed the starting point for σπείρω". Cf. the lit. on σπαίρω. -- Hitt. išpar-iya-zi (beside išpar-i) `he folds out, stretches out', wit σπείρω formally comparable, gives some doubts (Benveniste BSL 33, 139).

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > σπείρω
13 στέρνον

στέρνον

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `breast, chest', in Hom. always of the manly breast, also as seat of the feelings etc., "heart" (poet. Il., also medic.).

Other forms: often pl. -α.

Compounds: Compp., e.g. εὑρύ-στερνος `with a wide chest' (Hes. a.o.), στερνο-τυπής `beating the chest' (E. in lyr.), πρό-στερνος `in front of the chest' (A.), to which προστερν-ίδιον n. `chest-harness of horses' (X. u.a.), also στερνίδιον `id.' (late).

Derivatives: Verbal derivations from hypostases or univerbations, e.g. ὑποστερν-ίζομαι `fix under the chest (Plu.; ὑπόστερνον ὑπογάστριον H.). Further derivv. rare: στερνίτιδες πλευραί (Poll.; Redard 105), στερνιξ ἐντεριώνη H. (as μόλιξ, ῥηνιξ a.o.); unclear στερνιον des. of a difficult digestible meat, cf. LSJ s.v.

Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [1029] * sterH- `spread out'

Etymology: As des. of the breast a Greek innovation, but the word has several cognates outside Greek: Germ., e.g. OHG stirna f. `forehead', IE *stern-i̯ā, Slav. e.g. Russ. storoná, `region, side' IE *stor-nā, Welsh sarn `stratum, pavimentum = Skt. ptc. stīrṇá `stratus, spread out; ΙΕ *str̥̄no- = *str̥Hno-, zero grade of str̥ṇā́ti `strew out, spread out; s. στόρνυμι; but the laryngeal is not found in στέρνον. So prop. meaning of στέρνον (formation like τέκνον, φερνή) `what is spread out, extension, plain' (opposed to the neck, ἱσθμός; τὰ ἴσθμια `pit, throat'). Cf. on στῆθος. -- As the laryngeal cannot be accomodated, a bit uncertain.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στέρνον
14 καταστρώννυμι

καταστρώννυμι 1 aor. κατέστρωσα. Pass.: fut. 3 pl. καταστρωθήσονται Jdth 7:14; 1 aor. κατεστρώθην; pf. ptc. κατεστρωμένος (JosAs 2:3; 13:5) (s. στρώννυμι; Eur., Hdt. et al.; UPZ 77 II, 28 [II B.C.] al. pap; LXX) (primary mng. ‘spread out’)

① lay low, kill (the primary mng. ‘spread out’ offers the imagery in this transf. use of κ. Hdt. 8, 53; 9, 76; X., Cyr. 3, 3, 64; Jdth 7:14; 14:4; 2 Macc 5:26 al.) of the Israelites killed in the desert (cp. Num 14:16) 1 Cor 10:5.

② ἐὰν καταστρώσω εἰς τὰς ἀβύσσους, a quot. of Ps 138:8f which differs considerably fr. the LXX, seems to presuppose for κ. the primary mng. ‘spread out’ someth., and so make a bed (cp. Hierocles in Stob., Flor. 85, 21 κλίνην; PTor I, 8, 17 [116 B.C.] κονίαν ἐπὶ τοῦ δρόμου=sand on the racecourse) if I make my bed in the depths 1 Cl 28:3.—DELG s.v. στόρνυμι. M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > καταστρώννυμι
15 ἐπιχρίω

ἐπιχρίω 1 aor ἐπέχρισα (s. χρίω; Hom. et al.; Sym. Ezk 13:10; 22:28; TestSol 18:20) to apply a viscous substance, anoint, spread/smear (on) (Soranus p. 75, 7; Galen: CMG V 9, 1 p. 136, 30; Diosc. 3, 25; PLeid X VII, 36; cp. Od. 21, 179 of a bow being prepared for service by rubbing with fat; Lucian, Hist. Conscrib. 62 of an inscription covered w. gypsum; Galen: CMG V 4, 2 p. 246, 20) τὶ ἐπί τι spread on or smear on someth. πηλὸν ἐπὶ τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς spread the moistened mud on the man’s eyes = (Jesus) anointed the man’s eyes with the moistened mud J 9:6 (v.l. ἐπέθηκεν, s. ἐπιτίθημι 1aα; cp. SIG 1173, 17=Dssm., LO 108 [LAE 135] in a report of a healing κολλύριον ἐπιχρεῖσαι ἐπὶ τ. ὀφθαλμούς). Without ref. to what was put on, in Eng. the customary rendering is anoint ἐ. τοὺς ὀφθαλμούς anoint the eyes J 9:11 (referring to the procedure vs. 6).—Of the stone that closed the entrance to the tomb of Jesus ἐπέχρισαν ἑπτὰ σφραγῖδας they applied seven seals i.e. wax that receives an impression fr. a seal GPt 8:33.—M-M.

Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά παλαιοχριστιανική Λογοτεχνία > ἐπιχρίω
16 χωρέω

χωρ-έω, Anacr.108, etc.; [tense] fut.

A χωρήσω Il.16.629
, Hdt.5.89, 8.68.β, Hp.Nat.Puer.18, and in later Prose, as D.H.4.9, Luc.DDeor. 20.15, etc.; [dialect] Att. only in Th.1.82 (exc. in compds., ἀνα-χωρήσω Id.7.72
, ἀπο- X.Eq.Mag.6.2
, προ- Th.3.4
, προς- Id.2.2
, συγ- Id.1.140
, etc.); elsewh. in Trag. and [dialect] Att. always in med. form, χωρήσομαι, A.Th. 476, S.El. 404, Th.2.20, etc., and freq. in compds.: [tense] aor. ἐχώρησα, [dialect] Ep. χώρησα, Il.15.655, h.Cer. 430, Th.4.120, etc.: [tense] pf. κεχώρηκα Hdt.1.120
, 122, Th.1.122, Hp.Acut.19, etc.:—[voice] Pass., [tense] fut. χωρηθήσομαι ([etym.] συγ-) Plb.15.17.5: [tense] aor. ἐχωρήθην ([etym.] συν-) X.HG 3.2.31, D.38.4: [tense] pf. κεχώρηται ([etym.] παρα-) D.H.11.52, ([etym.] συγ-) Pl. Phlb. 15a: ([etym.] χῶρος):—make room for another, give way, withdraw, ἐχώρησαν πάλιν αὖτις Il.17.533
; γαῖα ἔνερθε χώρησεν the earth gave way from beneath, i. e. opened, h.Cer. l.c.; χ. πρύμναν, = κρούεσθαι πρύμναν, put back, retire, E.Andr. 1120;
χωρεῖτε
begone! A.Eu. 196
, cf. E.Or. 1678, Med. 820, etc.—The uncom pounded word does not occur in Od. and only [tense] fut. and [tense] aor. in Il.—Construction:

1 c. gen. rei vel loci, χώρησεν τυτθὺν ἐπάλξιος Il.12.406
; νεῶν ἐχώρησαν 15.655
; νεκροῦ χωρήσουσι 16.629
; also νηῶν ἄπο.. ἐχώρησαν προτὶ Ἴλιον 13.724
; ἀπὸ κρατερῆς ὑσμίνης χωρήσαντες 18.244
; ἔξω τῶνδε δωμάτων χωρεῖτε A.Eu. 180
; ἐκ πυλῶν Id.Th. 476
; ἐκ προαστίου S.El. 1432
.

2 c. dat. pers., give way to one, make way for him, retire before him, οὐδ' ἂν Ἀχιλλῆϊ χωρήσειεν Il.13.324
, cf. 17.101.

II after Hom., go forward, advance, τὸ πῦρ.. πρόσω κεχώρηκεν Call.
in PSI11.1216.34; simply, go or come, Hdt.1.10, etc.; go on one's journey, travel, S.OT 750; χ. ἐπ' ἀδελφεοῦ βίαν Pi.N.10.73
, etc.; ἐς ναῦν A.Pers. 379
; χ. πρὸς ἔργον come to action, S.Aj. 116, Ar.Ra. 884; χ. πρὸς ἧπαρ go to one's heart, S.Aj. 938; χωρῶν ἀπείλει νῦν go and threaten, Id.OC 1038; διὰ φόνου χ. E.Andr. 176
; τὰ τοξεύματα ἐχώρει διὰ τῶν ἀσπίδων, of weapons, X.An.4.2.28; τὸ ὕδωρ κατὰ τὰς τάφρους ἐχώρει it went off by.., Id.Cyr.7.5.16; ἄνω ποταμῶν χωροῦσι παγαί E.Med. 410
(lyr.), cf. X.HG2.4.10; χώρει κάτω go downwards, i.e. beginning from the upper parts of the body, A.Pr.74; διὰ στόμα χωροῦντα.. ἀφρόν E.Med. 1174
; χ. κύκλῳ [ὁ ποταυός] Pl.Phd. 113b; ὁμόσε χ. τισί to join battle, Th.6.101, Ar.Lys. 451, cf. ὁμόσε 1.2
; χ. ὁμόσε τοῖς λόγοις E.Or. 921
; χ. δειπνήσων Ar.Fr. 272
; πρὸς τὸ ἱερὸν χωρῆσαι δρόμῳ Th.1.134
; χωροῖς ἂν εἴσω S.El. 1491
, Ph. 674; χώρει, ξέν', ἔξω Id.OC 824
: of Time, νὺξ ἐχώρει the night was passing, near an end, A.Pers. 384;
βιοστερὴς χ.
wander about, S.OC 747
: Medic., of excretions, τὰ χωρέοντα μὴ τῷ πλήθει τεκμαίρεσθαι, ἀλλ' ὡς ἂν χωρέῃ οἷα δεῖ Hp.Aph.1.23
; also of the menses, Id.Mul.1.2: c. acc. loci, Κεκροπίαν χθόνα χ. E. Ion 1572
.

b to be in motion or flux, πάντα χωρεῖ Heraclit.
ap. Pl.Cra. 402a, cf. Hp.Vict.1.5.

2 go forward, make progress, τοὔργον οὐ χωρεῖ πρόσω A.Dict.
in PSI11.1209.16; πῶς οὖν οὐ χωρεῖ τοὔργον; Ar. Pax 472
(lyr.); χωρεῖ.. τὸ πρᾶγμα ib. 509; τόκοι χωροῦσιν Id.Nu.18
; χωρεῖ τὸ κακόν Id.V. 1483
, Nu. 907 (both anap.).

3 come to an issue, turn out in a certain manner, παρὰ σμικρὰ.. κεχώρηκε have come to little, of the event of oracles, Hdt.1.120; εὐτυχέως χ. Id.3.39
; κακῶς χ. turn out ill, Pl.Lg. 684e; δόξα δ' ἐχώρει δίχα E.Hec. 117
(anap.), cf. Hel. 759: freq. abs., advance, succeed, Hdt.3.42, 5.89; πάντα διὰ πράξεων καὶ.. ἀγώνων κεχωρηκότα.. Ῥωμαίοις Onos.Praef.8
; τὰ πράγματα χωρεῖ κατὰ λόγον Plb. 28.17.12
; ὁ λόγος ὁ ἐμὸς οὐ χωρεῖ ἐν ὑμῖν Ev.Jo.8.37
(unless in signf. 111. infr.); also, to be possible, οὐ γάρ οἱ χωρεῖ περιβαλεῖν κτλ. Ael. VH1.3
(sed leg. ἐγχωρεῖ).

4 to be spread abroad, ἡ φάτις κεχώρηκε a report spread, Hdt.1.122; διὰ πάντων οὕτως ἐχώρει τίς ἕψεται;" X.Cyr.3.3.62; κλαυθμὸς διὰ πάντων ἐχώρει Plu.Rom.19
; ὄνομα δόξῃ διὰ πάντων ἀνθρώπων κεχωρηκός a name spread abroad, ib.1.

5 of money, to be spent, τὰς μὲν δαπάνας χωρεῖν ἐντελεῖς ἐκ τῶν οἴκων, τὰ δὲ ἔργα μὴ τελείσθαι λυσιτελούντως πρὸς τὴν δαπάνην X.Oec.20.21
; τὰ προσγεινόμενα χωρήσει εἰς ἃ ἂν ὁ δῆμος θελήσῃ IG5(1).18
B 6 ([place name] Sparta), cf. 1432.4 (Messene, i B. C./i A. D.).

III trans., have room for a thing, hold, contain, freq. of measures, κρητὴρ χωρέων ἀμφορέας ἑξακοσίους Hdt.1.51
, cf. 192, 4.61, Ar.Nu. 1238, Pl.Smp. 214a; οὐκ ἐχώρησεν αὐτοὺς ἡ πόλις Th.2.17
, cf. D.21.200, Aeschin.3.164, E.Hipp. 941; οὐκ ἐχώρει αὐτοὺς ἡ γῆ κατοικεῖν ἅμα LXX Ge.13.6
; ποτήρια.. οὐχὶ χωροῦντ' οὐδὲ κόγχην Pherecr. 143.3
(troch.); κοτύλας χ. δέκα Men.Kol.Fr.2
, cf. Diph.96, etc.; χωρήσατε ἡμᾶς take us into your hearis! 2 Ep.Cor.7.2;
οὐ πάντες χωροῦσι τὸν λόγον τοῦτον
find room for.., Ev.Matt.19.11
(so perh. intr., Ev.Jo.8.37, v. supr. 11.3); to be capable of, τὸ Κάτωνος φρόνημα Plu.Cat.Mi.64
: c. inf., to be capable of doing, οὐ χωρεῖ μεγάλην διδαχὴν ἀδίδακτος ἀκούειν (v. l. for ἀκουή) Ps.-Phoc.89; δωρεὰν ὅσην οὐκ ἐχωρήσατε αἰτεῖσθαι IG7.2713.11
(Acraeph., Oratio Neronis).

2 impers., ὅταν μηκέτι χωρῇ αὐταῖς ἐργαζομέναις [ταῖς μελίτταις] when there is no more room for them, Arist.HA 626b11.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > χωρέω
17 στρατός

στρατός

Grammatical information: m.

Meaning: `troop, department of the people' (Pi., trag., Crete), `troop of warriors, army, navy' (Il.), also `(army-, ships)camp' (Il.); στάρτοι αἱ τάξεις τοῦ πλήθους H.

Other forms: Aeol. στρότος (Sapph.), Cret. σταρτος (inscr.).

Compounds: Often as 1. member, e.g. στρατ-ηγός (IA.), -ᾱγός (Dor. Arc.) m. `army-commander' (cf. Chantraine Études 90), στρατό-πεδον n. `army-camp, army, fleet' (IA.; Risch IF59,15); also as 2. member e.g. δεξί-στρατος `recieving a host' (B.); to this numerous PN.

Derivatives: 1. Collective formation στρατ-ίά, - ιή f. `troop, host, army', also `campaign' = στρατεία (Pi., IA.; Scheller, Oxytonierung 84f.) with - ιώτης m. `warrior, soldier' (IA.), - ιωτικός (Att.; Chantraine Études 126). - ιωτάριον n. meaning uncertain, perh. `soldier's sack' (pap. III^p). 2. - ιος, f. - ία `warlike', also as surn. of Zeus, of Ares, resp. of Athena a.o. (Alc., Hdt. a.o.); also - ειος, - εία `id.' (Mylasa II^a). 3. στρατύλλαξ m. disparaging dimin. of στρατηγός (Cic. Att.; cf. Delph. Στρατυλλις). Denom. 4. στρατ-άομαι (- όομαι?), also w. ἀμφι-, ἐπι-, συν-, `to troop together', only in ep. ipf. ἐστρατόωντο (Il., A. R., Nonn.; cf. Leumann Hom. Wörter 185, Chantraine Gramm. hom. 1, 80; 359; 364); - όομαι certain in the ptc. στρατωθέν ( στόμιον) `consisting of an army' (A. Ag. 133 [lyr.]; Wackernagel Unt. 125). 5. - εύω, - εύομαι, also w. ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συν- a.o., `to take the field, to serve in the army' (IA.) with - εία, Ion. - ηΐη f. ( ἐκ-, ἐπι-, συν-) `campaign, war-service' (IA.), - ευμα n. `campaign, army' (IA.), - ευσις ( ἐπι-) f. `campaign' (Hdt., D.H. u.a.), - εύσιμος, - ευτικός.

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [1029] * ster- `camp, spread out'

Etymology: Orig. meaning `troop, department of people', from there `troop of warriors, army', second. `camp'. -- With Skt. str̥ta- `thrown down, sprinkled' (older á-str̥ta- `unconquered, unconquerable'), Av. stǝrǝta- `spread out', also with OIr. sreth `strues' (IE *str̥tā) formally identical, but with unclear development of meaning: prop. `spread (or spreading) heap'? Cf. Persson Beitr. 1, 451 ff. (with older lit.), who however starts from the meaning `ordened troop, row'. Quite diff. Strunk Münch. Stud. 17, 77 ff. (w. extensive streatment), Nasalpräs. u. Aor. (1967) 111 w. n. 309 (w. lit.): στρατός prop. `*which can be thrown down' \> `*enemy's army' or `*which throws down'. -- Further s. στόρνυμι (with lit.); older lit. also in Bq. -- The oldest meaning may have been `camping army'.

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Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > στρατός
18 ἐπικίδνημι

ἐπικίδνημι,

A spread over, κακοῖς ἐπικίδνατε θυμόν spread a brave spirit over your ills, Orac. ap. Hdt.7.140:—in Hom. always [voice] Pass. (only in Il.), ὕδωρ ἐπικίδναται ἆιαν is spread over the earth, Il.2.850, cf. A.R.2.978; ὅσον τ' ἐπικίδναται ἠώς far as the morning light is spread, Il.7.451, 458; ἐπεκίδνατο οὐρανὸν ἄστρα Q.S.5.347
.

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ἐπικίδνημι
19 στόρνυμι

στόρνῡμι, E.Heracl. 702 (anap.); imper.

A στόρνυ Ar. Pax 844
; part. στορνύντες, στορνύντα, Hdt.7.54, S.Tr. 902; compd. καστορνῦσα ( = καταστ-) Od.17.32; also [full] στορνύω (v.l. στρωννύω), A.D.Synt. 295.4; [full] στρώννῡμι, A.Ag. 909, Com.Adesp. 1211 (written with one ν in SIG589.44 (Magn. Mae., ii B.C.), but with two, ib.9); also [full] στρωννύω, Aristid.1.216J., ([etym.] ὑπο-) Ath.2.48d: [tense] impf. ἐστρώννυον Ev.Matt.21.8
: later [full] στορεννύω, [full] στορέννυμι, Eust.748.31,32; [tense] pres. part. στορεννύς (v.l. στρωννύς) Sch.Ar.Ach. 877: [tense] fut. στορῶ ([etym.] παρα-) Ar.Eq. 481, ([etym.] ὑπο-) Eub.90.1; also στρώσω LXXIs.14.11
, ([etym.] ὑπο-) E.Hel.59, Amphis 46; and στρωννύσω ([etym.] ἐπι-) Ps.-Luc.Philopatr. 24; [dialect] Dor. inf. στορεσεῖν Theoc.6.33
: [tense] aor. ἐστόρεσα, [dialect] Ep. and Lyr. στόρεσα, Il.9.621, 660, al., B.12.129, A.Pr. 192 (anap.), Hdt.8.99; also ἔστρωσα Id.6.139
, A.Ag. 921: [tense] pf. ἔστρωκα LXXPr.7.16
: [tense] plpf. ἐστρώκειν Hld.4.16
, ([etym.] ὑπ-) Babr.34.2:—[voice] Med., στόρνῠμαι ([etym.] ὑπο-) X. Cyr.8.8.16: [tense] impf. ἐστόρνυντο Theoc.22.33
, Call.Aet.3.1.16: [tense] fut. στρώσομαι LXXEz.27.30
: [tense] aor. ἐστορεσάμην, [dialect] Ep. στ-, Theoc.13.33, A.R.1.375, ([etym.] ὑπ-) Ar.Ec. 1030; also ἐστρωσάμην Theoc.21.7
:—[voice] Pass., στρώννῠμαι (v.l. στορέννυμαι) Sch. Theoc.7.57d; ὑποστορένυσθαι is f.l. in Thphr.Char.22.5: [tense] aor. ἐστορέσθην Plu.2.787e
, D.C.67.14, ([etym.] κατ-) Hp.VM19; ἐστορήθην Hsch.
; ἐστρώθην ([etym.] κατ-) D.S.14.114: [tense] pf. ἐστόρεσμαι ([etym.] ὑπ-) Philostr.VA6.10; ἔστρωμαι h.Ven. 158
, E.Med. 380, Th.2.34, etc.: [tense] plpf. ἐστόρεστο D.C.74.13
, Him.Ecl.13.2; also ἔστρωτο Il.10.155
, Hdt.7.193:— spread the clothes over a bed, λέχος στορέσαι spread or make up a bed, Il.9.621, 660; so δέμνια, ῥῆγος σ., Od.4.301, 13.73; δέμνια S.Tr. 902
; κλίνην στρώσαντες Hdt.6.139
; σ. τισὶ λέχος Ar. Pax 844
; λέκτρα σοι ἀντὶ γάμων ἐπιτύμβια AP7.604
(Paul. Sil.) (also in [voice] Med., ἐστόρνυντο τὰ κλισμία Call.
l.c.): abs., make a bed, χαμάδις στορέσας Od.19.599
; στρῶσον ἡμῖν ἔνδον Macho
ap. Ath.13.581b, cf. Act.Ap.9.34.

b generally, spread, strew, ἀνθρακιὴν ς. Il.9.213; φιτροὺς σ. καθύπερθεν ἐλαίης A.R.1.405
; [στιβάδας] εἰς ὁδόν Ev.Marc. 11.8
: also in [voice] Med., freq. in Theoc., as 13.33, al.

2 spread smooth, level, πόντον ς. Od.3.158, cf. h.Hom.33.15, Theoc.7.57, etc.; τὸ κῦμα ἔστρωτο Hdt.7.193
; στόρεσεν πόντον οὐρία B.12.129
; αἰθὴρ νήνεμος ἐστόρεσεν δίνας A.R.1.1155
; χρηστὴν ἡμῖν ἡ θάλαττα τὴν γαλήνην ἐστ. Alciphr.1.1; metaph., calm, soothe, ἀτέραμνον στορέσας ὀργήν A. Pr. 192
(anap.); [φθόνου] στορεσθέντος Plu.2.787e
.

b level, lay low, πλάτανον δαπέδοις AP9.247
(Phil.): metaph., Μήδων δύναμιν Simon.90
; λῆμα μὲν οὔπω στόρνυσι χρόνος τὸ σόν E.Heracl. 702
(anap.); ἵνα Πελοποννησίων στορέσωμεν τὸ φρόνημα Th.6.18
.

3 ὁδὸν ς. pave a road, IGRom.4.1431.5, al. ([place name] Smyrna), dub. in IG12(5).229.7 ([place name] Paros):—[voice] Pass., ἐστρωμένη ὁδός Hdt.2.138
; ἔδαφος λίθων πλαξὶ λείαις ἐστρ. Luc.Am.12, cf. D.C.67.14.

II strew or spread with a thing, μυρσίνῃσι τὴν ὁδόν Hdt.7.54
, cf. 8.99; πέδον πετάσμασιν A.Ag. 909
, cf. 921; saddle a horse, provide a mount, τινι POxy.138.22 (vii A.D.):—[voice] Pass., Pl.R. 372b; of a room, to be furnished with στρώματα, Ev.Marc.14.15; πλοῖον.. ἐστρωμένον καὶ σεσανιδωμένον dub. sens. in PLond.3.1164 (h) 7 (iii A.D.). (Cf. Skt. stṛṇómi, stṛṇā´mi 'strew', Lat. sterno, Engl. strew.)

Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > στόρνυμι
20 διέρχομαι

διέρχομαι impf. διηρχόμην; fut. διελεύσομαι; 2 aor. διῆλθον; pf. διελήλυθα, διεληλυθώς, inf. διεληλυθέναι (Just., D. 86, 2 [on διέβην Gen. 32:11]), ptc. διεληλυθώς Hb 4:14 (Hom. et al.; ins, pap, LXX, TestSol; TestAbr A 10 p. 87, 28 [Stone p. 22]; TestJud 7:7; ParJer 7:13; GrBar.; ApcEsdr 2:18 p. 26, 10 Tdf.; EpArist 131; Philo, Joseph.).

① to move within or through an area, go (through)

ⓐ to travel or move about go about fr. place to place, spread δ. κατὰ τὰς κώμας go about among the villages Lk 9:6; Ac 10:38. W. ἐν (Sir 39:4; 1 Macc 3:8): ἐν οἷς διῆλθον κηρύσσων among whom I went about proclaiming Ac 20:25. Abs. διασπαρέντες διῆλθον they were scattered and went about fr. place to place 8:4; Paul at Athens 17:23. Fig. of a report διήρχετο μᾶλλον ὁ λόγος spread even farther Lk 5:15 (cp. Thu. 6, 46, 5; X., An. 1, 4, 7 διῆλθε λόγος; Jos., Vi. 182).—W. acc. of place (EpArist 301; Jos., Bell. 2, 67) an island Ac 13:6. τὰ ἀνωτερικὰ μέρη the interior 19:1; regions 20:2.

ⓑ of movement through someth. go through

α. w. the force of διά retained: go or travel through w. acc. of place names (Diod S 16, 44, 4 τὴν Συρίαν; Jos., Ant. 14, 40) Jericho Lk 19:1; Pisidia Ac 14:24; cp. 15:3, 41; 16:6; 18:23; 19:21; 1 Cor 16:5.—τοὺς οὐρανούς go through the heavens Hb 4:14. W. prep. δ. διά τινος go through someth. (Hdt. 6:31, 2 al.; Philo; SibOr 2, 253) through deserts (cp. Jos., Ant. 15, 200 τὴν ἄνυδρον δ.) Mt 12:43; Lk 11:24; through a gate Hs 9, 13, 6; διὰ μέσον Σαμαρίας καὶ Γαλιλαίας prob. through the region between Samaria and Galilee Lk 17:11 (s. διά B1) cp. J 4:4; through all the places Ac 9:32; through the sea 1 Cor 10:1; διʼ ὑμῶν εἰς Μακεδονίαν through your city to M. 2 Cor 1:16; through a person GJs 6:1 κοινὸν καὶ ἀκάθαρτον οὐκ εἴα διέρχεσθαι διʼ αὐτῆς (Anna) did not permit anything common or unclean to pass through (Mary) (of food, perh. also fig. of thoughts, cp. Mt 15:17f; Mk 7:19ff).

β. of movement toward a destination come, go: εἴς τινα of death: to all people Ro 5:12. εἴς τι (Jos., Ant. 14, 414) of journeys: go over, cross over εἰς τὸ πέραν to the other side Mk 4:35; Lk 8:22; cp. Ac 18:27. εἰς τὸ πεδίον go off into the country 1 Cl 4:6 (Gen 4:8). διέλθε̣[τε διὰ τῶν] ἀφανῶν κα[ὶ εἰ]ς τ̣ὸ̣ [τέλο]ς (or: τ̣ε̣[λο]ς) τῶν φαινο[μέ]νων come out of the realm of the latent and to the end of the things that are apparent: rev. of Ox 1081, 27–30 based on the Coptic of SJCh 90, 4–7 (Till). Also ἕως τινός (1 Macc 1:3): ἕως Βηθλέεμ to B. Lk 2:15; ἕως Φοινίκης Ac 11:19, 22 v.l.; ἕως ἡμῶν 9:38. ἐνθάδε come here J 4:15.—δ. ἀπὸ τῆς Πέργης they went on fr. Perga Ac 13:14. Abs. ἐκείνης (sc. ὁδοῦ) ἤμελλεν διέρχεσθαι he was to come through that way Lk 19:4; διερχόμενος as he went through Ac 8:40

② go through someth. in one’s mind, review (Hom. Hymn Ven. 276 δ. τι μετὰ φρεσί al.) τὰς γενεάς 1 Cl 7:5 (εἰς τ. γ. is read by some mss.).—διερχ[…] AcPl BMM verso 21.

③ to pass into or through an obstacle, penetrate. Of a sword (cp. Il. 20, 263; 23, 876; Jdth 6:6; 16:9) δ. τὴν ψυχήν pierces the soul Lk 2:35 (cp. SibOr 3, 316); pass a guard Ac 12:10; through a closed room διὰ τοῦ … κοιτῶνος AcPl Ha 5, 31 (restored); διὰ μέσου αὐτῶν through the midst of them Lk 4:30; J 8:59 v.l.; through a needle’s eye Mt 19:24; Mk 10:25; Lk 18:25 v.l.—Papias (3:2) ὥστε μηδὲ ὁπόθεν ἅμαξα ῥαδίως διέρχεται ἐκεῖνον δύνασθαι διέλθειν so that he (Judas) was not able to pass through where a wagon would have no difficulty—DELG s.v. ἔρχομαι. M-M. TW. Sv.

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